来自以色列的科学家利用Plantarray植物功能表型系统发表了题为Diurnal stomatal apertures and density ratios affect whole-canopy stomatal conductance, water-use efficiency and yield plant（气孔日孔径和密度比影响整个冠层的气孔导度、水分利用效率和植株产量）文章。

Diurnal stomatal apertures and density ratios affect whole-canopy stomatal conductance, water-use efficiency and yield plant

Abstract

Key physiological traits of plants, such as transpiration and stomatal conductance, are usually studied under steady-state conditions or modeled using only a few measured data points. Those measurements do not reflect the dynamic behavior of the plant in response to field conditions. To overcome this bottleneck, we used a gravimetric functional-phenotyping platform and a reverse-phenotyping method to examine the dynamic whole-plant water-regulation responses of tomato introgression lines and compared those responses with several years of yield performance in commercial fields.

Ideotype lines had highly plastic stomatal conductance and high abaxial–adaxial stomatal density ratios and the size of their stomatal apertures peaked early in the day under water-deficit conditions. These traits resulted in dynamic daily water-use efficiency, which allowed for the rapid recovery of transpiration when irrigation was resumed after a period of imposed drought. We found that stomatal density, the abaxial–adaxial stomatal density ratio and the time of maximum stomatal apertures are crucialfor plant adaptation and productivity under drought-stress conditions. Abaxial stomatal density was also found to be strongly correlated with the expression of the stomatal-development genes SPCH and ZEP. This study demonstrates how a reverse functional phenotyping approach based on field yield data, continuous and simultaneous whole-plant water-balance measurements and anatomical examination of individual leaves can help us to understand and identify dynamic and complex yield-related physiological traits.

Keywords: functional phenotyping, crops yield, dynamic response, drought stress,stomatal conductance, reverse phenomics

气孔日孔径和密度比影响整个冠层的气孔导度、水分利用效率和植株产量

摘要

植物的关键生理特性，如蒸腾作用和气孔导度通常在稳态条件下进行研究，或仅使用少量测量数据进行建模数据点。这些测量结果并不能反映出植物对现场条件的反应的动态特性。为了克服这个瓶颈，我们使用了重量分析法功能表型平台和反向表型方法检测番茄导入系的动态全株水分调节反应及其机理，并将这些反应与商业领域几年的产量表现进行了比较。

在当天早些时候达到峰值在缺水条件下，理想型系具有高度可塑性的气孔导度和高远轴-近轴气孔导度、气孔密度比以及气孔尺寸。这些特性影响了动态的每日水分利用效率，使得灌溉时蒸腾作用能够在一段时间的干旱之后快速恢复。我们发现，在干旱胁迫条件下，气孔密度、远、近轴气孔密度比和最大气孔开度的时间对植物的适应性和生产力至关重要。远轴气孔密度也与气孔发育基因SPCH和ZEP的表达密切相关。本研究展示了可基于田间产量数据、连续和同步的全植株水分平衡测量以及单个叶片解剖检查的反向功能表型方法帮助我们理解和识别与产量相关的动态和复杂生理性状。

关键词：功能表型、作物产量、动态响应、干旱胁迫、气孔导度、逆表型