Dualex植物多酚-叶绿素仪：对硬粒小麦灌浆期间光合器官的分析表明，穗是一个耐水胁迫的器官，花序梗是最大的初级代谢产物库

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Dualex植物多酚-叶绿素仪：对硬粒小麦灌浆期间光合器官的分析表明，穗是一个耐水胁迫的器官，花序梗是最大的初级代谢产物库

发表时间：2023-04-20 16:11:01点击：625

来源：北京博普特科技有限公司

Dualex是一款源自于法国国家科学院 (CNRS)及巴黎第十一大学技术，由奥地利PESSL公司生产（原法国Force-A公司）开发的新型多功能叶片测量仪。它可同时准确测量叶片的叶绿素含量、叶片表层的类黄酮和花青素含量，适用于植物生理学和农学（如水稻叶绿素浓度，玉米氮素状况，葡萄藤等）相关研究。其测量对象可以是单子叶植物，双子叶植物或多年生植物。这款设备简单易用，可进a行实时和非破坏性测量。由于不需要校准标定和事先的样品制备，测量工作可在实验室或现场完成。此外，该设备在各种温度的和环境光照条件下均可进行简单、快速、无损测量叶片中的叶绿素、多酚以及花青素。

摘要

在以前的研究中，硬粒小麦对不同水分状况的反应已经在叶片和农艺水平上进行了广泛的研究，但水分胁迫对源库动态的影响，特别是非叶片光合器官的影响更为有限。我们的研究旨在研究不同光合器官对水分胁迫的反应，并量化可用于籽粒灌浆的碳和氮代谢产物库。在西班牙卡斯蒂利亚和莱昂地区的田间试验中，在灌溉和降雨条件下种植了五个硬粒小麦品种。水分胁迫导致五个品种的产量、生物量、碳氮同化显著下降，水分利用效率提高，籽粒品质性状发生变化。还分析了叶片和叶鞘、花序梗、芒、颖片和狐猴中的碳（葡萄糖、葡萄糖-6-磷酸、果糖、蔗糖、淀粉和苹果酸）和氮（谷氨酸、氨基酸、蛋白质和叶绿素）代谢产物库。结果表明，叶片和花序梗的代谢最容易受到水分胁迫的影响，而穗部代谢表现出更高的稳定性，尤其是在灌浆中期。有趣的是，每个器官的总代谢产物含量突出表明，在叶片外部发现了大量的营养物质来源，这些营养物质可能直接参与籽粒灌浆，其中花序梗在数量上最为相关。我们得出的结论是地中海农业生态系统与新芽成功生产果穗和更多谷物密切相关，而籽粒灌浆高度依赖于非叶面器官固定CO2和N的能力。果穗器官比其他器官表现出更高的抗逆性，这值得我们在未来的育种计划中关注。

Abstract

The response of durum wheat to contrasting water regimes has been extensively studied at leaf and agronomic level in previous studies, but the water stress effects on source–sink dynamics, particularly non-foliar photosynthetic organs, is more limited. Our study aims to investigate the response of different photosynthetic organs to water stress and to quantify the pool of carbon and nitrogen metabolites available for grain filling. Five durum wheat varieties were grown in field trials in the Spanish region of Castile and León under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Water stress led to a significant decrease in yield, biomass, and carbon and nitrogen assimilation, improved water use efficiency, and modified grain quality traits in the five varieties. The pool of carbon (glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose, sucrose, starch, and malate) and nitrogen (glutamate, amino acids, proteins and chlorophylls) metabolites in leaf blades and sheaths, peduncles, awns, glumes and lemmas were also analysed. The results showed that the metabolism of the blades and peduncles was the most susceptible to water stress, while ear metabolism showed higher stability, particularly at mid-grain filling. Interestingly, the total metabolite content per organ highlighted that a large source of nutrients, which may be directly involved in grain filling, are found outside the blades, with the peduncles being quantitatively the most relevant. We conclude that yield improvements in our

Mediterranean agro-ecosystem are highly linked to the success of shoots in producing ears and a higher number of grains, while grain filling is highly dependent on the capacity of non-foliar organs to fix CO2 and N. The ear organs show higher stress resilience than other organs, which deserves our attention in future breeding programmes.