Plantarray植物功能生理表型研究系统：干旱胁迫下的表型可塑性：驯化番茄和野生番茄的比较

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Plantarray植物功能生理表型研究系统：干旱胁迫下的表型可塑性：驯化番茄和野生番茄的比较

发表时间：2023-03-30 15:46:07点击：600

来源：北京博普特科技有限公司

Plantarray是一款基于称重的高通量、多传感器生理表型平台以及植物逆境生物学研究通用平台。该系统可持续、实时测量位于不同环境条件下、阵列中每个植株的土壤-植物-空气（SPAC）中的即时水流动。直接测量根系和茎叶系统水平衡和生物量增加，计算植物生理参数以及植物对动态环境的反馈。系统以有效、易用、无损的方式针对植物对不同处理的反应、预测植物生长和生产力进行定量比较，广泛应用于生物胁迫和非生物胁迫以及植物栽培加速育种研究等，胁迫研究涵盖干旱胁迫、盐胁迫、重金属胁迫、热、冷胁迫、光胁迫以及灌溉/养分、CO2指示、植物健康等领域的研究。

摘要

表型可塑性是指生物体对环境条件做出反应，发生可逆的行为、形态或生理变化的能力。表型可塑性使植物能够应对不确定的环境条件，如干旱。一个主要的可塑性特征是气孔对环境条件变化的反应速率，这决定了通过蒸腾作用损失的水量，以及二氧化碳吸收、生长和生产力的水平。在这里，我们研究了驯化番茄和野生番茄物种之间的差异及其对干旱胁迫的反应。我们发现驯化番茄具有较高的蒸腾速率和较高的气孔导度。与野生番茄相比，驯化番茄在干旱条件下也具有更大的生物量和更大的叶面积。尽管驯化番茄具有较高的蒸腾速率和较高的gs，但两个品系的光合速率之间没有差异。此外，野生番茄具有更高的rubisco活性最大速率，这可能解释了其更高的分子和全冠层水分利用效率。与野生番茄相比，驯化番茄较高的蒸腾速率和较大的叶面积导致其更早地暴露于干旱胁迫下，野生番茄保持较高的土壤水分水平，使其能够长时间保持稳定的全冠层气孔导度。野生番茄对土壤水分有效性也更敏感，在土壤含水量较高的情况下，其最大蒸腾速率降低。我们的研究结果表明，番茄的驯化过程更倾向于形态/解剖性能特征，而不是生理效率。

Phenotypic plasticity in response to drought stress: Comparisons of domesticated tomato and a wild relative

Menachem Moshelion

doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.08.531475

Abstract

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to undergo reversible behavioral, morphological or physiological changes in response to environmental conditions. Phenotypic plasticity enables plants to cope with uncertain environmental conditions, such as drought. A primary plastic trait is the rate of stomatal response to changes in ambient conditions, which determines the amount of water lost via transpiration, as well as levels of CO2 absorption, growth and productivity. Here, we examined the differences between domesticated and wild tomato species and their responses to drought stress. We found that the domesticated tomato had a higher transpiration rate and higher stomatal conductance (gs). The domesticated tomato also had greater biomass and greater leaf area under drought conditions, as compared to the wild tomato. Despite the domesticated tomato’s higher transpiration rate and higher gs, there was no difference between the photosynthetic rates of the two lines. Moreover, the wild tomato had a higher maximum rate of rubisco activity, which might explain its greater molecular and whole canopy water-use efficiency. The domesticated tomato’s higher transpiration rate and greater leaf area led to its earlier exposure to drought stress, as compared to the wild tomato, which maintained higher levels of soil water, enabling it to maintain steady rates of whole-canopy stomatal conductance (gsc) for extended periods. The wild tomato was also more sensitive to the soil water availability and lowered its maximum transpiration rate at a higher soil-water-content level. Our results suggest that the domestication process of tomatoes favored morphological/anatomical performance traits over physiological efficiency.