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Turgor-a limiting factor for radial growth in mature conifers along an elevational gradient

Abstract

A valid representation of intra-annual wood formation processes in global vegetation models is vital for assessing climate change impacts on the forest carbon stock. Yet, wood formation is generally modelled with photosynthesis, despite mounting evidence that cambial activity is rather directly constrained by limiting environmental factors. Here, we apply a state-of-the-art turgor-driven growth model to simulate 4 yr of hourly stem radial increment from Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Larix decidua Mill. growing along an elevational gradient. For the first time, wood formation observations were used to validate weekly to annual stem radial increment simulations, while environmental measurements were used to assess the climatic constraints on turgor-driven growth. Model simulations matched the observed timing and dynamics of wood formation. Using the detailed model outputs, we identified a strict environmental regulation on stem growth (air temperature > 2°C and soil water potential > -0.6 MPa). Warmer and drier summers reduced the growth rate as a result of turgor limitation despite warmer temperatures being favourable for cambial activity. These findings suggest that turgor is a central driver of the forest carbon sink and should be considered in next-generation vegetation models, particularly in the context of global warming and increasing frequency of droughts.

Keywords: climate change; process-based model; radial stem growth; tree hydraulics; tree rings; wood formation. 

膨压-沿海拔梯度的成熟针叶树径向生长的限制因素 

摘要 

有效体现全球植被模型中年度内木材形成过程对于评估气候变化对森林碳储量的影响至关重要。然而，尽管越来越多的证据表明形成层活动受到限制性环境因素的直接制约，但木材的形成通常是通过光合作用来模拟的。本研究中，我们应用先进的膨胀驱动生长模型来模拟沿着海拔梯度生长的Picea abies (L.) Karst以及 Larix decidua Mill 4年中的每小时树干径向生长。首次使用了木材形成观测来验证每周至每年的树干径向生长模拟，同时使用环境测量来评估膨压驱动生长的气候限制。模型模拟与观察到的木材形成时间和动力学相匹配。利用详细的模型输出，我们确定了对茎生长的严格环境调节（气温>2°C，土壤水势>0.6 MPa）。尽管温度升高有利于形成层活动，但由于膨胀限制，温暖干燥的夏季降低了生长速率。这些发现表明，特别是在全球变暖和干旱频率不断增加的情况下，膨压是森林碳汇的主要驱动因素，应在下一代植被模型中加以考虑.