摘要

地方品种通常被工业化农业所忽视，不管它们是否有潜力为育种提供有价值的遗传物质，并使生产者和市场的可用品种多样化。它们也可能在某些植物保护问题上表现出色，可能对植物病原体具有抗性或耐受性。这是首次报道在农场有机条件下，对某些不确定和确定的番茄基因库材料的疾病易感性特征进行研究。为此，在两种管理系统中进行了为期三年的田间试验，即露地和保护地。从10个番茄地方品种获得的产量和疾病症状数据与商业品种进行了比较。记录并评估了三种重要疾病（由晚疫病‘晚疫霉’、早疫病‘番茄交链孢’和七叶树叶斑病‘番茄七叶树’引起）的发病率和严重程度以及产量。根据这些结果，地方品种和对照品种（San Marzano，Kecskeméti 549）在研究参数方面没有显著差异，年份是研究疾病发生和严重程度的决定因素。2016年，多雨、潮湿的天气导致严重的晚疫病感染，对开阔地造成严重损害，而2015年和2017年的天气有利于番茄生产和测量。地方品种内部和地方品种之间在易感性方面存在一些差异。调查显示，可高度推荐某些材料，例如，不确定的“Fadd”（RCAT03075）和“Mátrafüred”（RCAT057656）具有适当的高产量，对晚疫病的敏感性显著降低，具有高产量和耐早疫病的确定的“Szentlőrinckáta”（RCAT07726）也值得推荐，但在不利环境下，它对晚疫病很敏感。这项研究表明，在有机生产系统下，地方品种与所研究的商业品种具有竞争力。考虑到番茄的产量和主要病害的预防，建议将所研究的番茄基因库材料用于有机农田和保护管理系统。 

关键词：番茄茄；地方品种；田间试验；有机农业；晚疫霉；番茄链格孢菌；番茄七胞菌；产量；抵抗力

Tomato Landraces Are Competitive with Commercial Varieties in Terms of Tolerance to Plant Pathogens—A Case Study of Hungarian Gene Bank Accessions on Organic Farms

Abstract

Landraces are generally neglected by industrialized agriculture, regardless of their potential to provide valuable genetic material for breeding and to diversifying the available assortment for producers and markets. They may also excel in certain plant protection issues with possible resistance or tolerance to plant pathogens. This is the first report on the disease susceptibility traits of Hungarian on certain indeterminate and determinate tomato gene bank accessions under on-farm organic conditions. For this, a three-year on-farm experiment was conducted in two management systems, open-field and protected. Yield and disease symptoms data obtained from ten tomato landraces were compared to commercial varieties. The incidence and severity of three important diseases (caused by late blight ‘Phytophthora infestans’, early blight ‘Alternaria solani’ and Septoria leafspot ‘Septoria lycopersici’), as well as yield, were recorded and assessed. According to these results, there were no significant difference between landraces and control varieties (San Marzano, Kecskeméti 549) regarding the studied parameters, and year was a determinant factor in the occurrence and severity of the infection of the studied diseases. In 2016, rainy, humid weather induced a severe late blight infection, causing serious damage to the open field, while the weather in 2015 and 2017 was favorable for tomato production and our measurements. There were some differences within and between landraces in terms of susceptibility. The investigation revealed that certain accessions can be highly recommended, e.g., the indeterminate ‘Fadd’ (RCAT030275) and ‘Mátrafüred’ (RCAT057656) had suitably high yields with significantly lower susceptibility to late blight, and the determinate ‘Szentlőrinckáta’ (RCAT078726) with high yield as well as tolerance to early blight is also recommendable, but it is sensitive to late blight under an adverse environment. This study suggests that landraces are competitive with the studied commercial varieties under organic production systems. Considering yield and the prevention of the major diseases of tomato, the studied tomato gene bank accessions are recommended for organic field and protected management systems.  

Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum; landraces; on-farm trial; organic farming; Phytophthora infestans; Alternaria solani; Septoria lycopersici; yield; resistance