摘要

环境变化比以往较甚，威胁植物生长和生产力，同时对植物营养品质和数量施加了相当的直接和非直接影响。

范围

本文重点回顾了气候变化对植源型食物的营养值的影响，现有证据表明：气候变化因素对植物的影响与植物可食用部分养分浓度相关。文章主要专注于探讨CO2 (eCO2)增加、温度增加 (eT)、盐、水涝以及干旱胁迫以及已知的关于其对营养可供性直接和非直接影响。另外，在气候变化条件下，文章提出了保持植物源食物的营养成份的策略。

结论

气候变化对作物的矿物质和蛋白的累积有影响，二氧化碳量的增加是多数报道变化的内在原因。影响依赖于类型、密度、所施加胁迫的持续时间、植物基因型以及发育阶段。可分别在气候因子、土壤氮、磷、钾、铁的可供性上发现强相关性（正面、负面）。在气候变化下，未来干涉策略的采用，确保人口可获得充足、有效、营养食物，依赖于营养物育种，包括作物谷物、较佳农场管理以及提升养分可供性的微生物复合菌剂。

关键词

气候变化，环境因子，二氧化碳提升，矿物，营养浓度

Preserving the nutritional quality of crop plants under a changing climate:importance and strategies

José C. Soares,Carla S. Santos,Susana M. P. Carvalho,Manuela M. Pintado,Marta W. Vasconcelos

Abstract

Background

Global climate is changing more rapidly than ever, threatening plant growth and productivity while exerting considerable direct and indirect effects on the quality and quantity of plant nutrients.

Scope

This review focuses on the global impact of climate change on the nutritional value of plant foods. It showcases the existing evidence linking the effects of climate change factors on crop nutrition and the concentration of nutrients in edible plant parts. It focuses on the effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2), elevated temperature (eT), salinity, waterlogging and drought stresses, and what is known regarding their direct and indirect influence on nutrient availability. Furthermore, it provides possible strategies to preserve the nutritional composition of plant foods under changing climates.

Conclusions

Climate change has an impact on the accumulation of minerals and protein in crop plants, with eCO2 being the underlying factor of most of the reported changes. The effects are clearly dependent on the type, intensity and duration of the imposed stress, plant genotype and developmental stage. Strong interactions (both positive and negative) can be found between individual climatic factors and soil availability of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), iron (Fe) and phosphorous (P). The development of future interventions to ensure that the world's population has access to plentiful, safe and nutritious food may need to rely on breeding for nutrients under the context of climate change, including legumes in cropping systems, better farm management practices and utilization of microbial inoculants that enhance nutrient availability.

Key words

Climate change Environmental factors Elevated carbon dioxide Minerals Nutrient concentration