摘要

本研究回顾了微型蒸渗仪如何有效地用于优化容器园艺生产中的灌溉控制。蒸渗仪是根据固定土壤体积的水分平衡来测量蒸散量（ET）的装置。蒸渗仪控制灌溉的主要部件是称重传感器、多路复用器、数据记录器、控制器和电磁阀。两种常见的小型蒸渗仪系统是平台蒸渗仪和悬浮蒸渗仪。在这些系统中，弯曲梁单点称重传感器固定在两块板之间，容器直接放置在顶部平台上。平台式蒸渗仪通常用于较小的盆栽尺寸，悬浮式蒸渗仪用于高达2.8 m、重225 kg的大型遮荫树木。几十年来，微型蒸渗仪一直用于校准ET模型，并创建按需灌溉控制程序，以补充植物每日用水或维持缺水条件。研究表明，基于蒸渗仪的灌溉可以更有效地响应水需求的季节和日变化，在蒸发需求较高时增加灌溉周期，在需求较低时减少灌溉周期。这些系统的一个优点是，对于容器化植物，如苗圃生产系统，微型蒸渗仪可以获得整个植物的水分利用，与土壤水分传感器或叶片水分传感器相比，这是一种更全面的测量方法。

微型蒸渗仪的高分辨率还用于研究无土基质的变化和植物表型的变化（图3）。Fields等人（2020年）开发了一个系统，该系统使用两个平台蒸渗仪从土壤容器中同时测量蒸发和排水年龄。两个平台的设置确定了水通过泥炭和树皮土壤的时间，以改善环境HYDRUS-3D土壤水力学模型。商用小型蒸渗仪，如Plantarray system（Plant Di Tech，Yavne，Israel），已与土壤和大气探针结合使用，是一款高分辨率、高通量诊断筛选平台（Halperine等人，2017年）。

Reviewing Mini-lysimeter Controlled Irrigation in Container Crop Systems

Abstract

This study reviews how mini-lysimeters have been used effectively to optimize irrigation control in container horticulture production. Lysimeters are devices that measure evapotranspiration (ET) from the water balance of a fixed soil volume. The primary components of lysimeter-controlled irrigation are load cell sensors, a multiplexer, a data logger, a controller, and solenoid valves. The two common mini-lysimeter systems are platform lysimeters and suspension lysimeters. In these systems, a bending-beam single-point load cell is fastened between two plates, and a container is placed directly on the top platform. Platform lysimeters are commonly used for smaller pot sizes, and suspension lysimeters have been used for large shade trees up to 2.8 m tall and weighing 225 kg. Mini-lysimeters have been used for decades to calibrate ET models and create on-demand irrigation control programs that replenish plant daily water use or maintain deficit conditions. Research has demonstrated that lysimeter-based irrigation can respond more effectively to seasonal and diurnal variations in water demand, increasing irrigation cycles when evaporative demand is high, and decreasing irrigation cycles when demand is low. A strength of these systems is that for containerized plants, such as nursery production systems, mini-lysimeters capture whole-plant water use, which presents a more holistic measure compared with soil moisture sensors or leaf moisture sensors.

The high resolution of mini-lysi-meters has alsobeenusedtostudy the variation of soilless substrates and the variation of plant phenotypes (Fig. 3).Fields et al. (2020)developeda system that measured evaporation and drain-age simultaneously froma container of soil usingtwoplatformlysimeters. The two-platform setup determined the time for water to pass through peat-and bark-based soils to improve a

HYDRUS-3D, soil hydraulics, model.Last, commercial mini-lysimeters, such as thePlantArraysystem (Plant Di-Tech, Yavne, Israel), have beenusedin conjunction with soil and atmospheric probes to design a high-resolution,high-throughput diagnostic screening platform(Halperinet al., 2017).